New Religious Movements: A Historical Perspective from the 1950s to Today

https://spiritualseek.online/blog/history-of-spiritual-seeking-contemporary-spirituality-new-age-movement-and-sbnr/-------------New Religious Movements (NRMs) FAQ What are New Religious Movements (NRMs)?New Religious Movements (NRMs) is a term used by scholars to describe newer religious and spiritual movements that are distinct from established religions. They can be of new origin or breakaways from existing faiths. NRMs often face negative labeling as "sects" or "cults" in popular discourse, but this terminology is avoided in academic settings.2. When did NRMs emerge, and what brought them into the public eye?While new religions have existed throughout history, the term NRM arose in the 1970s and 1980s during the "cult wars" sparked by events like the Jonestown tragedy in 1978. This incident, where over 900 members of the Peoples Temple died by suicide, fueled public fear and negative perceptions of NRMs. Subsequent events like the Aum Shinrikyo attack in Tokyo (1995) and the Heaven's Gate suicides (1997) further reinforced these anxieties.3. How are NRMs different from established religions?There is much debate about what makes an NRM "new." Some scholars focus on the time of origin, suggesting that NRMs are younger than established religions. Others, like sociologist Roy Wallis, link their emergence to the post-World War II era. Historian Gordon Melton emphasizes the tension between NRMs and wider society, arguing that "newness" stems from their deviation from social norms. Additionally, sociologist Eileen Barker highlights the role of charismatic leadership and a convert-based membership in NRMs, suggesting that they undergo a process of "denominationalisation" over generations, becoming less alternative and more integrated into mainstream society.4. Is there a definitive list of NRMs?Due to the diverse nature of NRMs and the ongoing debate over their definition, creating a definitive list is challenging. Organizations like INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements) maintain extensive databases, but these are constantly evolving.5. Are NRMs dangerous?While some high-profile tragedies have involved NRMs, it's important to remember that the vast majority exist peacefully without engaging in violence. Attributing violence solely to an organization's status as an NRM is misleading and perpetuates harmful stereotypes.6. What is the "brainwashing" stereotype associated with NRMs?The notion of "brainwashing" arose from the tensions between NRM converts and their families during the post-war period. Concerned relatives sometimes turned to "anti-cult" organizations that used controversial tactics like "deprogramming" to extract individuals from these movements. These actions were often based on the unfounded premise that converts were victims of psychological manipulation. While deprogramming is now illegal in many countries, the "brainwashed cult member" stereotype persists in popular culture.7. How has the internet impacted NRMs?The internet has significantly impacted NRMs, facilitating the rapid dissemination of teachings and practices globally. Some scholars argue that religious movements established as "internet natives" represent a new phase in the evolution of NRMs, leveraging online platforms for growth and outreach.8. Where can I find reliable information about specific NRMs?Organizations like INFORM provide valuable resources and research on various NRMs. They aim to counter misinformation and offer a more balanced perspective on these movements. It is crucial to rely on reputable sources and avoid biased information when learning about NRMs.